IMPACT OF THE HYDROELECTRIC POWER STRUCTURES GABCIKOVO ON THE CILIATE COMMUNITIES (CILIOPHORA)

Dusan MATIS, Eva TIRJAKOVA

CONCLUSIONS The impact of the Hydroelectric Power Structures Gabcikovo on the structural change of ciliate communities was studied in the period 1989-1994. After putting the structures in operation, significant changes in the species spectrum were observed in the original bed of the Danube and in the near through-flowing river arms. Inside the river arm system visible changes occurred in the area of Kralovska luka. River arms downstream the structures (Sporna sihot, Stary les and Lyon) maintained their original character. Changes were manifested mainly in species composition, abundance and trophic structure of the communities. Totally, there were 262 taxons of ciliates found in this area. In 1994 a prominent enrichment of species spectrum occurred in the majority of the investigated localities.

INTRODUCTION

SAMPLING AND PROCESSING METHODS

RESULTS

Species spectrum of ciliates

In 1989-1993 the species spectrum of ciliates showed a certain stability. In 1994 the number of species increased significantly (roughly by 30%) (Fig. 1). An impressive increase of the species spectrum can be seen mainly in the old river bed, where the number of species have been increased in a high proportion, after the putting of the hydropower structures into operation. This is caused by slowing down the flow velocity, reduction of erosion and increasing the sedimentation, increase of water temperature in the shallow lithoral zone, etc. In this way significant changes of microbiotopes occurred, which ciliates depend on. There begin to prevail the ciliates of the through-flowing river arms type.

The number of ascertained species in individual localities during the whole research can be found in Tab. 1. Localities Stary les, Ostrovne lucky, Kopac and Rusovecke ostrovy were observed only in 1993 and 1994. Species ascertained in the previous years in the dead river arm Lyon [8] are not included. The richest locality was Kralovska luka, where we found 116 ciliate species. We consider this river arm to be the richest one from the ciliate fauna point of view. From the viewpoint of quality of the ciliates we highly appreciate also the locality Stary les (91 species). As it results from Tab. 1, the number of discovered species in the main stream in some localities downstream the Cunovo dam (Dunajske kriviny, Istragov) is even higher than the values ascertained in the river arms. This is mainly due to the increasing of the number of species in the last two years (see Tab. 2).

The number of species is influenced by the water regime of the main stream and by the operation on the hydraulic water structures. Above the weir at Cunovo the water conditions improved significantly: the number of species in the river arms are increasing (Kopac, Rusovecke ostrovy - islands). In the old Danube river-bed, downstream the weir Cunovo, similar processes of increasing of the number of species occur. This corresponds to so called "branching of the stream" effect (Dunajske kriviny, Istragov). In the locality Bodicka brana changes of the communities arise under the influence of higher stream velocities. Supplying the branches with water since 1993 causes meanwhile instability and depletion of the species spectrum by out washing in the main branches, re-establishing the previous conditions in secondary branches and supplying previously dried out branches and terrain depressions with water. At the locality Kralovska luka conditions are now normalising after the previous decrease of water level before the water supply of the river branch system. The river arm systems of Sporna sihot, Stary les (although the number of species increased), and Lyon were not significantly affected by the construction of the hydroelectric power structures. Similarly, the main stream at these localities was not affected after putting the system of hydraulic structures into the operation.

The enhancement of the species spectrum per sample in the main river bed, as well as the reduction of the average of species number in 1993, at the locality Kralovska luka is obvious [9].

In 1994, at the most localities, primarily in the main stream, an increase of the occurrence of terrestrial species (predominantly the representatives of the class Colpodea) can be observed. This is connected mainly with the enlarged erosion and sedimentation process. In the river arm system this phenomenon was manifested more considerably in the area of locality Istragov (the river arm dries up).

After setting the hydroelectric power structures into operation, especially in 1994, the percentage of planktonic species in the main stream increased. This testifies the improvement of the water quality in the original river bed. The river arm system in the saprobic criteria was showing stability with natural deterioration of the water quality in the autumn months.

Abundance

In the river arm system the abundance changes significantly at the locality Kralovska luka. In the breaking year 1992, when the water level decreased considerably, also a decrease of abundance by 2 - 10 times occurred, in dependence on the seasonal hydrological dynamics. In 1994 the situation was stabilised and approached the original state (Fig. 4).

Food groups

If we compare the total fauna of the ciliates living in the studied system, it can be observed that changes occur predominantly in the bacteriovora group (Fig. 2). These changes lead to the statement that from the viewpoint of the stabilisation of the community living in the hydroelectric power system no ascendant significant changes occurred. The communities have stabilised quickly and they establish a good food basis for higher trophic levels.

In the main stream (the section from Dobrohost to Istragov) a continuous establishment of natural food relationships arises, what is manifested by the increase of the species spectrum by the increase of omnivora. There is a slight reduction of bacteriovora what means that the water quality improves). We illustrate this at the locality Istragov, where this effect is most significant (Fig. 6).

In the main stream, downstream the tail-race canal (locality Klucovec), the rate of bacteriovora species increases, what can be explained by the decreased self purification ability of the water in the by-pass canal (Fig. 5).

In the river arms the situation did not change much (the exception is Kralovska luka). Localities Opatske river arm (Sporna sihot), Stary les, and Lyon exhibit a balanced food structure; the situation practically did not change during the studied years.

Changes in individual localities

Locality No. 1 - Kopac. After filling the reservoir with water, the river arm was filled with water too. The evolving ciliate community is changing to a river arm type. The rotting of the vegetation residues has an influence on the high abundance and occurrence of species with high values of saprobity indexes (in some exceptional places with stagnant water anoxic conditions arise).

Locality No. 2 - Rusovecke islands. The communities are getting normalised after the saturation river arms with water.

Locality No. 3 - Ostrovne lucky. Situation has not changed essentially. In accordance with the occurrence of ciliates it can be considered as the locality with the best water quality (the saprobity index approaches oligosaprobe quality).

Locality No. 6 - Dunajske kriviny. The area was most influenced by the hydropower structures. The river arm dried out and changes occurred in the main stream. In the main stream the communities are stabilising in the last time. The main stream received character of a through-flowing river arm.

Locality No. 9 - Bodicka brana. Under the influence of filling the river arm system with water the most significant changes have occurred here. Up to present there are unstable communities in the river arms, and bottom mud and silt is washed away under the influence of a strong stream. The main stream have received a character of a river arm. Character of the side arms remains nearly unchanged.

Locality No. 10 - Kralovska luka. The most significant changes occurred in 1993, when the water level dropped considerably, and the water warmed up. This reduced the species spectrum and the abundance values. In 1994 the situation starts to normalise.

Locality No. 14 - Istragov. The "branching of the stream" effect of the main stream is most obvious; the species spectrum as well as abundance increases. The river arm in the locality Istragov dried up.

Locality No. 18 - Sporna sihot. Slight increase of the bacteriovora species in the main stream was observed. This could be caused by increased supply of organic material from the tail(race canal. The river arm preserves its original character.

Locality No. 23 - Stary les. Monitoring area maintains its original character.

Locality No. 24 - Lyon. Monitoring area maintains its original character.

SUMMARY

The river arm system in the locality Bodiky becomes through(flowing, it looses its pre(dam stagnant water character, the communities are until now not stabilised, and their self-purification ability in the main stream of the river arms is reduced by washing the bottom mud and silt away. The most considerable changes occurred in the locality Kralovska luka. Until 1992 this locality represented a stable ecosystem of a dead Danubian river arm, where the communities exhibited a large similarity to the locality Lyon. In 1992 the ciliates community has reduced, and their abundance and diversity have decreased. From 1994 the situation is becoming stable, and the original communities begin to revive. We have not observed significant changes in the localities Stary les and Sporna sihot. The locality Dobrohost (river arm) has dried up.

REFERENCES:

[1] Foissner, W., 1988: Taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of Sladecek's list of Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) as indicators of water quality. Hydrobiologia, 166:1-64.

[2] Foissner, W., 1988a: Catalogous Faune Austriae. Ciliophora. Verl. d. Öster. Acad. Wiss., Wien, 150 pp.

[3] Foissner, W., Blatterer, H., Berger, H., Kohmann, F., 1991: Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band I. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes für Wasserwitschaft 1, 478 pp.

[4] Foissner, W., Blatterer, H., Berger, H., Kohmann, F., 1991: Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band II. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes für Wasserwitschaft 5, 502 pp.

[5] Kahl, A., 1930-1935: Urtiere oder Protozoa I.: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) I.-IV. Tierwelt Dtl.: 1-886.

[6] Matis, D., 1961: Contribution to fauna of ciliate in two Danube dead river arms (in Slovak(, Biológia (Bratislava), 16:771-774.

[7] Matis, D., 1994: Ciliophora in the database of Slovak fauna. (Authors manuscript, in Slovak) 54 pp.

[8] Matis, D., Tirjakova, E., 1992: Ciliophora of the dead river arm at Cicov (in Slovak(. Acta F.R.N.Univ. Com., Protectio et Formatio Naturae, 16:49-56.

[9] Matis., D., Tirjakova., E., 1995: Changes of communities of ciliates (Ciliophora) in the Danube river system in 1989 - 1994, (in Slovak(. In brochure: "Vysledky a skusenosti z monitorovania uzemia ovplyvneneho vodnym dielom Gabcikovo".

[10] Szentivany, M., Tirjakova, E., 1994: The structure and dynamics of the community of Ciliophora in the benthos of the Karlova Ves (Bratislava) branch of the Danube. Acta Zool. Univ.Com., 38:83-102.

[11] Sladecek, V., 1973: System of water quality from the biological point of view. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 7, I.-IV. 1-218.

[12] Song, W., & Wilbert, N., 1989: Taxonomische Untersuchungen an Aufwuchsciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) im Poppelsdorfer Weiher, Bonn. Lauterbornia, 3:2-221.

[13] Sporka, F., Krno, I., 1994: Changes in benthic fauna of main river and branches of the Danube after putting the Gabcikovo structures into operation. (in Slovak(. Vysledky a skusenosti z monitorovania bioty uzemia ovplyvneneho vodnym dielom Gabcikovo". Bratislava.

[14] Tirjakova, E., 1992: Ciliophora of the riverside zone of the Danube river system. Acta Zool.Univ.Comen., 36:71-80.

Tab. 1. The total number of species ascertained in localities

Locality	river arm	old river bed
1. Kopac	48	10
2. Rusovecke ostrovy	45	-
3. Ostrovne lucky	40	-
6. Dunajske kriviny	37	65
9. Bodicka brana	81	45
10. Kralovska luka	116	-
14. Istragov	53	79
18. Sporna Sihot	76	48
23. Stary les	91	-
24. Lyon	42	-

Tab. 2. The total number of species in localities in various years

Locality	1991		1992		1993		1994
	arm	river	arm	river	arm	river	arm	river
1. Kopac	-	-	-	-	14	3	42	6
2. Rusovecke ostrovy	36	-	-	-	-	-	11	-
3. Ostrovne lucky	-	-	-	-	6	-	25	-
6. Dunajske kriviny	17	5	18	16	-	20	-	41
9. Bodicka brana	40	17	36	27	18	9	24	-
10. Kralovska luka	45	-	71	-	36	-	53	-
14. Istragov	7	13	17	30	30	31	35	38
18. Sporna Sihot	37	18	36	21	39	25	46	30
23. Stary les	-	-	-	-	42	-	72	-
24. Lyon	-	-	-	-	-	-	42	-

Tab. 3. List of Ciliate species ascertained in localities.

Species	1		2	3	6		9		10	14		18		23	24
	a	b			a	b	a	b		a	b	a	b
Acineria incurvata Dujardin,1841								+
Acineria uncinata Tucolesco,1962					+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Acineta grandis Kent 1881-B2										+
Acropisthium mutabile Perty,1856						+
Amphileptus claparedei Stein,1867			+						+					+
Amphileptus fussidens (Kahl,1926)								+		+		+
Amphileptus pleurosigma (Stokes,1884)														+
Amphileptus procerus (Penard,1922)					+			+			+	+
Askenasia volvox (Eichenwald, 1852)			+				+
Aspidisca cicada (O.F. Mueller,1786)	+		+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Aspidisca lynceus (O.F. Mueller,1773)	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Astylozoon faurei Kahl,1935											+
Baladyna fusiformis Kahl,1932			+	+
Balanonema biceps (Penard,1922)				+											+
Balantidioides bivacuolata Kahl,1932								+
Blepharisma hyalinum Perty,1852									+	+	+			+
Blepharisma lateritium (Ehrenberg,1831)			+							+	+
Blepharisma persicinum Perty,1 B52				+
Blepharisma sp														+
Bryometopus seudochilodon Kahl,1932			+
Bursaria truncatella O.F. Mueller,1773			+
Caenomorpha medusula Perty,1852														+	+
Caenomorpha uniserialis Levader,1894	+
Campanella umbellaria (Linnaeus,1758)			+
Cinetochilum margaritaceum (Ehrenberg,1831)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Codonella cratera (Leidy,1877)				+		+
Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg,1833							+		+					+
Coleps elongatus Ehrenberg,1830									+				+	+
Coleps hirtus (O.F. Mueller,1786)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Coleps hirtus var. minor Kahl,1930									+			+
Coleps nolandi Kehl,1930							+		+			+			+
Coleps octospinus Noland,1925														+
Colpidium colpoda (Losana,1829)			+
Colpoda cucullus (O.F. Mueller,1773)							+				+		+
Colpoda inflata (Stokes,1884)											+	+		+
Colpoda steinii Maupas,1883		+			+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+		+
Cristigera foenix Penard,1922				+					+			+		+	+
Cristigera setosa Kahl,1928							+		+
Cryptochilum griseolum Maupas,1883								+
Cyclidium citrullus (Cohn,1865)	+		+				+			+				+	+
Cyclidium elongatum (Schewiakoff,1889)	+		+	+		+	+	+	+	+		+
Cyclidium glaucoma O. F. Mueller,1773				+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Cyclidium heptatrichum Schewiakoff,1893		+				+	+	+	+	+	+		+
Cyclidium lanuginosumPenard,1922									+
Cyclidium libellus Kahl,1926									+
Cyrtohymena ferruginea (Stein,1859)									+
Cyrtolophosis elongata (Schewiakoff,1896)			+	+					+				+	+
Deltopylum rhabdoides Faure-Fremiet et Mugard,1946									+		+
Dexiostoma campyla (Stokes,1884)	+						+				+		+
Dexiotrichides centralis (Stokes,1885)	+								+
Didinium nasutum (O.F. Mueller,1773)			+						+			+
Dileptus anser (O.F. Mueller,1773)						+
Dileptus monilatus (Stokes,1886)			+
Dimacrocatyon amphileptoides Kahl,1931											+			+
*Discomorphella pectinata (Levander,1894)															+
Drepanomonas obtusa Penard,1922															+
Drepanomonas revoluta Penard,1922			+
Enchelys gasterosteus Kahl,1926												+
Epalxella mirabilis (Roux,1901)							+		+
Epistylis sp		+
Euplotes affnis (Dujardin,1841)			+			+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
Euplotes eurystomus (Wrzesniowski,1870)									+		+			+
Euplotes moebiusi Kahl,1932													+
Euplotes muscicola Kahl,1932								+	+		+
Euplotes novemcarinatus Wang,1930						+		+
Euplotes patella (O.F. Mueller,1773)			+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Euplotes patella f. alatus Kahl,1932	+
Frontonia acuminata (Ehrenberg,1833)				+		+		+	+	+	+	+		+	+
*Frontonia ambigua Gragesco 1972									+		+			+
Frontonia atra (Ehrenberg 1833)														+
*Frontonia eliptica Beardsley 1902,						+
Frontonia leucas Ehrenber,1830	+		+		+	+	+		+		+	+		+
*Frontonia verralis (Ehrenberg,1833)									+					+
*Furgasonia trichocystis (Stokes,1 B94)												+
Glaucoma myriopMylli Penard,1922							+
Glaucoma scintilans Ehrenber,1 B30	+		+			+	+	+	+		+		+
*Glaucoma wrzesniowski Mereschkowski,1879									+
Gonostomum affne (Stein,1859)											+
Halteria grandinella (O.F. Mueller,1773)	+		+	+	+		+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Histibalantium natans (Clap. et Lach.,1858)					+	+			+			+		+
*Histiobalantium natans f. viridis (Clap. et Lach.,1858)														+
Histriculus erethisticus (Stokes,18B7)									+			+		+
Histriculus histrio (O.F. Mueller,1773)										+
Histriculus muscorum (Kahl,1932)			+							+
Histriculus similis (Quennerstedt,1867)								+		+	+
Holophrya nigricans Lauterbom,1894									+			+
Holophrya sp.											+			+
Holosticha fasciola Kahl,1932											+
*Holosticha grisea Kahl,1932						+			+
Holosticha kessleri (Wrzesniowski,1877)						+			+			+	+
Holosticha monilata Kahl,1928						+		+			+
Holosticha pullaster (O.F.Mueller,1773)			+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Holosticha similis Stokes,1886							+	+	+		+			+
Holosticha viridis Kahl,1932					+				+
Holosticha sp.							+
Homalogastra setosa Kahl,1926										+
Homalozoon vermiculare (Stokes,1887)					+								+
'Chaenea sapropelica Kahl,1930							+
Chaenea teres Dujardin,1841							+
Chilodonella uncinata (Ehrenberg,1838)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
Chilodontopsis depressa (Pertz,1 B52)									+						+
Chilodontopsis muscorum Kahl,1931)				+
Chilodontopsis vorax (Stokes,18B7)										+					+
Kahlilembus fusiformis (Kahl,1931)							+	+						+
*Kalometopia duplicata Penard,1922															+
Lacrymaria elegans Engelmann,1862	+
Lacrymaria nana (Vuxanoviá,1961)							+
Lacrymaria olor (O.F. Mueller,1776)			+				+		+	+	+		+
Lembadion bullinum (O.F. Mueller,1786)			+						+	+		+		+	+
Lembadion lucens (Maskell,1887)									+	+				+	+
Leptopharynx costatus Mermod,1914											+		+
Litonotus anguilla (Kahl,1931)				+			+		+		+	+
Litonotus carinatus Stokes,1885				+			+	+	+		+
Litonotus cygnus (O.F. Mueller,1773)
Litonotus fasciola (O.F. Mueller,1773)						+	+		+	+	+		+	+
Litonotus lamella (O.F. Mueller,1773)	+			+		+	+	+	+		+	+
Litonotus mononucleatus (Foissner,1977)					+	+
Litonotus obtusus Maupas,1888											+			+
Litonotus procerus (Penard,1922)									+
Litonotus uninucleolatus (Kahl,1931)							+
Loxocephalus elipticus Kahl,1931	+			+		+	+		+		+	+		+	+
Loxocephalus halophilus Kahl,1931			+				+
Loxodes magnus Stokes,1887			+				+		+		+
Loxodes rostrum (O.F. Mueller,1773)									+					+
Loxodes striatus (Engelmann,1862)							+		+		+	+		+	+
Loxophyllum helus (Stokes,1884)						+	+			+
Loxophyllum meleagris (O.F. Mueller,1773)									+				+
Loxophyllum utriculariae (Penard,1922)				+
Mesodinium acarus Stein,1861						+
Mesodinium pulex (Clap. et Lach.,1858)	+					+	+		+	+	+			+	+
Metopus es (O.F. Mueller,1776)	+				+		+		+		+	+		+
Metopus fuscus Kahl,1927														+
Metopus intercedens Kahl,1927														+
Metopus ovalis Kahl,1927												+
Metopus setifer Kahl,1932									+					+
Metopus spinosus Kahl,1927														+
Metopus striatus McMurrich,1848					+				+
*Microthorax bidentatus Kahl,1926					+							+		+
Microthorax pusillus Engelmann,1862	+			+		+			+					+
Microthorax simulans (Kahl,1926)							+
Microthorax sulcatus Engelmann,1862									+					+
Monodinium balbiani Fabre-Domergue,1888							+					+
Nassula ambigua Stein,1 B54										+	+
Nassula omata Ehrenberg,1833						+
Nassula sp.										+	+
*Ophrydium crassicaule Penard,1922									+
Ophryoglena fiava (Ehrenberg,1833								+		+
Oxytricha balladyna (Kahl,1932)							+		+	+	+	+		+	+
Oxytricha crassistilata Kahl,1932					+	+			+	+		+
Oxytricha fallax Stein,1859			+
Oxytricha haematoplasma Blatt.et Foissner,1990				+
Oxytricha holophila Kahl,1932										+
Oxytricha chlorelligera Kahl,1932						+				+
Oxytricha minor Kahl,1932												+
Oxytricha muscorum (Kahl,1932)												+
Oxytricha saprobia Kahl,1932														+
Oxytricha setigera Stokes,1891			+	+	+	+			+		+	+		+
Oxytricha similis Engelmann,1862					+				+			+		+
Óxyricha sp.											+	+
*Papillorhabdos carchesii Foissner,1984														+
Parameciumaurelia komplex	+	+	+		+		+ ut	+	+		+	+		+
Paramecium bursaria (Ehrenberg,1831)	+			+		+	+				+	+		+	+
Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg,1833	+			+		+	+	+	+	+	+			+
Paramecium putrinum Clap.et Lach.,1859							+							+
Paranophrys thompsoni Didier et Wilbert,1976					+	+			+		+	+	+
Paraurostyla weissei (Stein,1959)	+
Paruroleptus caudatus (Stokes,1B86)t					+	+	+		+	+	+			+
Paruroleptus magnificus Kahl,1932										+
*Pelodinium reniforme Lauterborn,1908	+
Phascolodon vorticella Stein,1859						+	+	+				+
Phialina pupula (O.F.Mueller,1786)	+						+		+	+		+		+
Phialina vertens (Stokes,1885)	+
Philasterides armata (Kahl,1926)					+						+
Placus luciae (Kahl,1926)													+		+
Plagyocampa rouxi Foissner,19B4							+
*Plagyocampa margaritata Kahl,1929			+
Plagyocampa metabolica Kahl,1930							+
Plagyopyla nasuta Stein,1860	+											+	+
Pleuronema coronatum Kent,1881		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+
Pleuronema crassum Dujardin,1841							+
Pleuronema seogerum Calkins,1903														+
Prorodon brachyodon Kahl,1927									+
Prorodon ovum Ehrenber,1833				+		+						+		+
Prorodon sp.														+
Pseudocohnilembus sp.											+
Pseudochilodonopsis algivora (Kahl,1931)				+		+	+		+	+	+		+	+	+
Pseudochilodonopsis caudata (Perby,1852)											+
'Pseudochilodonopsis piscatoris(Blochmann,1895)						+
Pseudochilodono siss.											+
Pseudomicrothorax agilis Mermod,1914									+
Pseudomicrothorax dubius (Maupas,1883)									+
Pseudovorticella monilata (Tatem,1870)									+
*Rhopalophrya acuta Kahl,1926	+					+
Saprodinium dentatum (Lauterbom,1901)														+	+ ut
Saprodínium putrinium Lackey,1925							+
Sathrophilus putrinus (Kahl,1926)									+
Sathrophilus oviformis (Kahl,1926)					+
Spathidium depressum Kahl,1930												+
Spirostomum ambiguum (O.F.Mueller,1786)														+
Spirostomum caudatum (O.F.Mueller,1786)						+			+			+
Spirostomum intermedium Kahl,1932							+		+			+
Spirostomum minus (Roux,1901)	+		+	+	+	+	+		+					+
Spirostomum teres Clap.et Lach.,1858							+		+				+	+	+
Spirozona caudata Kahl,1926	+					+
Stegochilum fusiforme Schewiakoff,1893											+
Steinia macrostoma Groliere,1975								+	+
Stentor coeruleus (Pallas,1766)	+						+	+						+
Stentor muelleri (Bory de St.Vincent,1825)		+	+						+		+	+	+	+
*Stentor multiformis (O.F.Mueller,1786)						+
Stentor polymorphus (O.F.Mueller,1773)							+					+
Stentor roeselii Ehrenberg,1835						+							+	+
Stichotricha aculeata Wrzesniowski,1866														+	+
Stichotricha secunda Perby,1849														+
Stokesia vernalis Wenrich,1920			+
Strobidinopsis gyrans Kent,1881				+	+	+
Strobilidium caudatum (Fromentel,1876)				+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+
*Strobilidium humile Penard,1922		+							+			+	+	+
Strobilidium minimum (Gruber,1884)				+			+	+			+
Strombidium turbo Clap.et Lach.,1859									+		+		+
Strombilidium velox Faure-Fremiet.1924									+
*Strongylidium labiatum Kahl,1932					+
Stylonychia muscorum Kahl,1932							+		+
Stylonychia mytilus komplex	+		+		+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Stylonychia notophora Stokes,1885									+			+		+
Stylonychia pustulata (O.F.Mueller,1786)	+											+		+
*Stylonychia putrina Stokes,1885	+
Tachysoma pelionellum (O.F. MueIler,1773)	+					+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
*Tetrahymena patula (Ehrenberg,1830)								+				+
Tetrahymena pyrifomiis komplex						+	+	+	+		+	+
Tetrahymena sp.															+
Tintinnidium fluviatile (Stein,1863)				+							+
Tintinnopsis cylindrata Kofoid et Campbell,1892	+							+	+
Trachelius ovum Ehrenberg,1831				+				+	+		+		+
Trachelophyllum apiculatum (Perty,1852)	+														+
Trichodina pediculus Ehrenberg,1831												+
Trithigmostoma cucullus (O.F.Mueller,1786)	+		+	+		+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+
Trochilia minuta (Roux,1901)					+				+	+	+		+
*Trochilia palustris Stein,1859						+									+
'Trochilioides recta (Kahl,1928)									+
Trochiliopsis opaca Penard,1922					+
*Tropidoatractus acuminatus Levander,1894															+
Urocentrum turbo (O.F.MueIler,1786).	+		+				+		+	+		+	+	+
Uroleptus gallina (O.F.Mueller,1786)						+						+
Uroleptus piscis (O.F.Mueller,1773)			+			+	+		+	+	+	+			+
Urole tus rattulus Stein,1859				+								+
Uronema marinum Dujardin,1841						+	+	+	+			+
Urosoma acumiriata (Stokes,1887)									+			+
Urosoma cienkowski Kowalewski,1882	+										+	+
Urostyla flavicans Wrzesniowski,1870					+
Urostyla grandis Ehrenberg,1830			+						+		+		+	+
Urotricha agilis (Stokes,1886)									+			+
Urotricha armata Kahl,1927	+						+		+	+		+		+
Urotricha discolor Kahl,1930														+
Urotricha farcta Cap.et Lach.,1859	+			+		+	+	+	+	+		+	+		+
Urotricha ovata Kahl,1926					+	+	+		+	+		+		+	+
Urozona buetschlii Schewiakoff,1889							+	+		+		+
Vorticella campanula Ehrenberg,1831				+		+			+				+
Vorticella marginata Stiller,1931	+								+				+
Vorticella microstoma Ehrenberg,1830	+		+	+	+		+		+					+
Vorticella natans Faure-Fremiet,1924								+
Vorticella nebulifera O.F.Mueller,1773									+	+
Vorticella similis Stokes,1887								+
Vorticella sp.	+	+					+		+		+