## TAXOCOENOSES OF CENTIPEDES (TRACHEATA, CHILOPODA) OF THE TERRITORY INFLUENCED BY THE HYDROELECTRIC POWER STRUCTURES GABCIKOVO

####
Ivan ORSZAGH, Zlatica ORSZAGHOVA

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina 84215 Bratislava, SLOVAKIA

CONCLUSIONS There were 28 species of centipedes, belonging to four families, observed in the monitoring areas influenced by the construction of the Hydroelectric power structure Gabcikovo. This is approximately one third of the species known on the Slovak territory. By comparing the species spectrum of centipedes estimated in 1991-1992 and in 1993-1994 we observed a retreat of some species (Lithobius agilis, L. cyrtopus, L. lucifugus, L. tricuspis, Lamyctes fulvicornis), and vice-versa, an appearance of species previously not found here (Lithobius calcaratus, Clinopodes linearis).

The increase of the dominance of the eurytopic species Lithobius forficatus (19 % in 1991, 23 % in 1992, 34 % in 1993, 43 % in 1994) and Lithobius mutabilis (6 % in 1991, 8 % in 1992, 21 % in 1993, 17 % in 1994) is expressive mainly in the monitoring areas between the by-pass canal (diversion canal) and the old Danube river-bed. This is connected with ruderalisation of the part of territory close to Danube. In spite of the large-area interference and ruderalisation process of the territory, the high degree of diversity of centipedes community has not changed on the majority of the monitoring areas until now. At present desiccation is visible in the monitoring area at Dobrohost In 1994 the species Lithobius calcaratus, preferring drier habitats, was found here for the first time. A female of the species Lithobius biunguiculatus, which is a new for the West Slovak fauna, was found in the monitoring area Istragov (September 23, 1992).

#### INTRODUCTION

Within the framework of biomonitoring (1990-1994) in the selected areas of the Danubian lowland influenced by construction and operation of the Hydroelectric power structure Gabcikovo (since 1993) also Chilopoda were studied. As an important group of predators of the soil macrofauna their qualitative and quantitative representation was studied.

Changes, which occurred in this territory during 1990-1994, influenced the species spectrum and the quantitative representation of numerous animals. Chilopoda, although they do not react onto changes in environment rapidly, reacted by changes in the species composition and abundance during the last two years (1993-1994). Those are longevitous arthropods with a slow individual and population growth, belonging to the group of K-strategists species.

From the point of view of the aim of monitoring the region influenced by hydropower structures is divided into three parts:

1. Areas situated at the Cunovo reservoir, with the general increase of surface and ground water level (Podunajske Biskupice - Ostrov Kopac, Rusovce - Horny Rusovecky ostrov, Rusovce - Dolny Rusovecky ostrov, Cunovo - Ostrovne lucky).
2. Areas situated between the by-pass canal and the original Danube river-bed (Dobrohost - Dunajske kriviny, Bodiky - Bodicka brana, Bodiky - Kralovska luka, Gabcikovo - Istragov), where the groundwater level increased at the river arms and decreased close to the Danube river.
3. Areas situated downstream Gabcikovo, below the confluence of the tailrace canal and old Danube (Klucovec - Sporna Sihot, Cicov - Stary les), where there the hydrological and soil moisture conditions have not changed.

Until now only a little attention was paid to the study of centipedes. Gulicka [6] elaborated Chilopoda of the locality Cierny les, situated 2 km south-east from Gabcikovo. He presents in his paper the species Lithobius forficatus, L. macilentus (syn. aulacopus), L. dentatus and L. aeruginosus. Folkmanova [5] quotes the species Dignathodon microcephalum from this territory (Samorin). In the close localities Topolove Hony, Hamuliakovo, Jurova the following centipedes species have occurred: Lithobius agilis, L. erythrocephalus, L. forficatus, L. melanops, L. mutabilis, L. microps, Lamyctes fulvicornis and Pachymerium ferrugineum [3].

#### MATERIAL AND METHOD

For the collection of centipedes two basic methods were used:

- Siftings on all monitoring areas (Podunajske Biskupice - Ostrov Kopac, Rusovce - Horny Rusovecky ostrov, Rusovce - Dolny Rusovecky ostrov, Cunovo - Ostrovne lucky, Dobrohost - Dunajske kriviny, Bodiky - Bodicka brana, Bodiky - Kralovska luka, Gabcikovo - Istragov, Klucovec - Sporna Sihot and Cicov - Stary les.
- Collection to pitfall traps on the monitoring areas Rusovce - Horny Rusovecky ostrov, Rusovce - Dolny Rusovecky ostrov, Dobrohost - Dunajske kriviny, Bodiky - Bodicka brana, Bodiky - Kralovska luka, Gabcikovo - Istragov, Klucovec - Sporna Sihot and Cicov - Stary les.

The siftings were performed from an area of 1 m2, except of the litter approximately 2 cm of the upper soil layer was scraped. Half litre tins filled to one half by a 5-6 % formaldehyde were used as pitfall traps. Each trap was covered by a tin roof on 3 cm stands during the exposition. The position of the traps on the monitoring areas corresponded to the places, where the siftings were performed. The siftings and collection from the traps were performed in three weeks intervals, since May until October. Additional material was elaborated also from several individual collections. Totally, more than 2,000 specimens of centipedes, belonging to 28 species were determined (Table 1).

#### MONITORING AREAS AS REGARDS CENTIPEDES TAXOCENOSIS

#### Monitoring area: Podunajske Biskupice - Ostrov Kopac

In this area (group of forest type Ulmeto - Fraxinetum carpineum) 12 species of centipedes were observed during three years (1991, 1993, 1994). The species spectrum was different in each of the observed years (Table 2). The number of determined species increased from 8 to 11 species after putting the hydropower structures into operation (1992) and the filling the Cunovo reservoir. It is possible, that the increase of species diversity is in relation with the increase of the groundwater level (the groundwater level was in average at the level 126 m a.s.l. in 1992 and 130 m a.s.l. in 1993), what influenced both flora and fauna. It can not be proved that species observed in 1993 and 1994 were not in this area in 1991. However, they were represented here in a number below the level of the catching method we were working with (siftings from an area of 1 m2).

From the species spectrum changes it is worth to mention the species Lithobius crassipes, Clinopodes flavidus and Henia illyrica, which were not recorded in 1991, but we observed them in 1993 and 1994. It is necessary to underline the observation of the thermophilous species Henia illyrica, penetrating from the south, known only from the warmest localities of the Slovak territory. In addition, this species is an indicator of slight damaged xerothermophilous localities of forest-steppe character. During the monitoring years changes were not manifested only in the species composition, but also in the quantitative representation. The abundance of eurytopic species Lithobius forficatus decreased (in 1991 - 53 %, in 1994 - 5 %), and on the other side, the abundance of the species Lithobius aeruginosus increased from 6 % in 1991 to 43 % in 1993 and 27 % in 1994. This species belongs to typical species of the Danubian lowland. Based on the results of the study of centipedes taxocoenosis been performed it turned out that an increase of the groundwater level on the Ostrov Kopac island tends to a slow regeneration of biota. In spite of the desiccation as well as a recent large-size fire, numerous faunistic elements of this rare locality will be preserved. The territory of the Ostrov Kopac island belongs to the very valuable monitoring areas of the Danubian lowland.

#### Monitoring area: Rusovce - Horny Rusovecky ostrov

In this area (group of forest types Ulmeto - Fraxinetum populeum) 12 species of centipedes were observed in 1990 (Table 3), of which 8 species belong to the epigeic and 4 species to the hypogeic forms. From the dominance point of view the following species belonged to the eudominant species [10]: Lithobius forticatus (29 %), L. mutabilis (16 %) and L. crassipes (11 %). Other species have not overcome the 10 % margin.

The presence of pretentious hygrophilous species Lithobius agilis indicates, that this monitoring area is a well-preserved relict of the floodplain forest. We do not suppose, that more significant changes, manifested by the changes of the soil macrofauna, will occur in this territory, in the close future.

#### Monitoring area: Rusovce - Dolny Rusovecky ostrov

In the territory of the monitoring area (group of forest types Ulmeto - Fraxinetum populeum) 10 species of centipedes were observed in 1990 (Table 4), of which 6 belonged to the epigeic and 4 to the hypogeic forms. The composition of the taxocoenosis was very similar to the taxocoenosis of the previous monitoring area (Horny Rusovecky ostrov). There were not detected the species Lithobius piceus and L. crassipes here. From the dominance point of view the following species belonged to the eudominant species: Lithobius forficatus (25 %), L. agilis (19 %) and L. mutabilis (15 %). Other species were represented by less than 10 %. The presence of the eudominant hygrophilous species Lithobius agilis indicates a high degree of soil humidity in this monitoring area, the groundwater level increased here after 1992. This fact is a guarantee of the preservation of the original character of the floodplain forest.

#### Monitoring area: Cunovo - Ostrovne lucky

The community of centipedes was studied in this monitoring area (group of forest types Ulmeto - Fraxinetum populeum) in 1990, 1993 and 1994. Nine species were observed in 1990, 8 species in 1993, of which the species Clinopodes flavidus was not recorded in 1990, and vice-versa the species Strigamia acuminata and Lithobius forficatus were not recorded in 1993. In the last year of study (1994) 11 species were determined, all of them were species observed in 1990 and 1993 (Table 5). It appears, that after filling of the Cunovo reservoir a stabilisation of the centipedes community occurs. The species Lithobius forficatus (25 %), Strigamia acuminata (21 %), Lithobius erythrocephalus ( 14 %) and L. crassipes (11 %) belonged to the eudominants, other species did not reach 10 % in 1990. In 1993 by the number of caught specimens the species Lithobius aeruginosus (28 %), further Lithobius mutabilis (16 %), Clinopodes flavidus (16 %), and Lithobius erythrocephalus (12 %) were on the first place. The species Schendyla nemorensis (22 %), Lithobius forficatus (16 %), L. mutabilis (14 %), L. aeruginosus (12 %), L. crassipes (11 %) belonged to the eudominant species in 1994.

#### Monitoring area: Dobrohost - Dunajske kriviny

The species richness in the monitoring area (group of forest types Saliceto - Alnetum), which is studied since 1991, has changed more expressively. In the years before damming the Danube river (1991, 1992) 13 species of centipedes were observed (Table 6). In the first year after the damming we have recorded only 8 species, and in 1994 number of recorded species increased to 10. The differences between the years 1993 and 1994 were manifested not only in number of specimens, but also in the species spectrum. In 1994 the species Lithobius calcaratus preferring drier habitats [4], in the opposite to the majority of other centipedes, was recorded here for the first time. Similarly, we also observed here the less known species Lithobius austriacus in 1994 for the first time. Since 1993 we observed the increase of abundance of the eurytopic species Lithobius forficatus. Meanwhile in 1991-1992 the value of its dominance did not overcome 23 %, in 1994 it reached 64 %. The presence of the species Lithobius calcaratus and the increase of the abundance of Lithobius forficatus confirms the ruderalisation and gradual desiccation visible also in the vegetation. The territory of this monitoring area is insufficiently supplied by water from the by-pass canal. A fact, which is not to be neglected, is the decrease of the groundwater level by more than 1 m.

In 1991 and 1992 the species Lithobius curtipes (27 %, 18 %), L. forficatus (23 %, 21 %), and L. erythrocephalus (11 % in 1992) belonged among the eudominant species. After the damming (1993, 1994) belonged among the eudominamt centipedes Lithobius forficatus (49 %, 64 %) and L. curtipes (13 % in 1993).

#### Monitoring area: Bodiky-Bodicka brana

From the species composition point of view there were observed 13 species (Table 7) of centipedes in this monitoring area (group of forest types Ulmeto - Fraxinetum populeum) in 1991-1994. Ten species belonged to the epigeic and 3 species to the hypogeic forms. In 1991-1992 the eudominant species were Lithobius forficatus (43 %, 34 %), L. curtipes (18 %, 18 %), L. crassipes (17 % in 1991) and L. erytrocephalus (11 %, 13%). In the following years (1993, 1994), already after putting the hydropower station into operation and supplying the river arm with water the species Lithobius forficatus (56 %, 52 %), L. aeruginosus (12 %, 20%) and Lithobius mutabilis (16 %, 12 %) belonged to the dominant species. The species Lithobius piceus and Lithobius microps were collected only in 1991. The hygrophilous species Lithobius agilis was not observed in this area after 1992.

#### Monitoring area: Bodiky - Kralovska luka

In this area (group of forest types Saliceto - Alnetum) 15 species of centipedes were observed during 1991-1994 (Table 8). If the species spectrum from 1991, 1992 is compared with 1993, 1994, a decrease of the observed species can be ascertained. In the following years (1993, 1994) the species Lithobius agilis, L. cyrtopus, L. tricuspis, Necrophloeophagus longicornis, Pachymerium ferrugineum and Strigamia acuminata were not observed. On the opposite, the species Lithobius crassipes, which was not observed before, was recorded here in 1993 and 1994. From the dominance point of view the following species belonged to the eudominant species in 1991, 1992: Lithobius agilis (19 % in 1991), L. forficatus (11 % in 1991), L. mutabilis (16 %, 18 %), L. aeruginosus (20 % in 1992), L. curtipes (11 % in 1992), Lamyctes fulvicornis (21 %, 13 %) and Strigamia acuminata (13 % in 1991), and in 1993 and 1994 the species: Lithobius erythrocephalus (11 % in 1994), L. forficatus (24 % in 1994), L. mutabilis (41 %, 31 %), L. aeruginosus (15 %, 14 %) and L. crassipes (25 % in 1993). Other species did not overcome 10 %. Remarkable is an increase of eurytopic species Lithobius forficatus and L. mutabilis in number and a decrease of ripicolous species Lamyctes fulvicornis caused by desiccation of this locality.

#### Monitoring area: Gabcikovo - Istragov

The Poplar monoculture with thick layers of deposit sand was the locality for the collection of centipedes in this monitoring area Istragov. Totally, 10 species of centipedes (Table 9) were observed during 1991-1994, of which Lithobius agilis was collected only in 1991 and 1992, and L. biunguiculatus only in 1992, it means before the damming of the Danube river. On the opposite, the species Clinopodes linearis was observed until 1993 and 1994. In period 1991-1992 the following species belonged to the eudominant species: Lithobius forficatus (10 %, 21 %), L. mutabilis (32 % in 1992), L. aeruginosus (20 %, 14 %), L. curtipes (60 % in 1992) and Pachymerium ferrugineum (10 % in 1992), and in the period 1993-1994: Lithobius erythrocephalus (12 % in 1994), L. forficatus (23 %, 34 %), L. crassipes (36 % in 1993), L. curtipes (21 % in 1994) and Pachymerium ferrugineum (12 %, 10 %). After 1992 the hygrophilous species Lithobius agilis was not observed in this locality, and vice-versa, the hypogeic species Clinopodes linearis, which was not observed before, was recorded here in 1993 and 1994. Lithobius biunguiculatus, observed only in this monitoring area, is new to the fauna of West Slovakia.

#### Monitoring area: Sporna Sihot - Klucovec

This monitoring area (group of forest types Ulmeto - Fraxinetum populeum) is situated at the place downstream confluence of tail race canal from hydropower station and the Danube the hydrological regime is not influenced by engineering structures. The centipedes were observed in this area in the period 1991-1994. Totally were recorded 9 species (Table 10). The species spectrum has not been changed more expressively during the observation period. The species Lithobius muticus was observed for the first time in 1994, and the species Necrophloeophagus longicornis was not observed in 1993 and 1994. The following species belonged to the eudominant species: Lithobius erythrocephalus (13 % in 1994), L. forficatus (59 %, 30 %, 79 %, 35 %), L. mutabilis (10 % in 1994), L. crassipes (11 % in 1991), L. curtipes (18 % in 1991), Necrophloeophagus longicornis (11 % in 1992) and Pachymerium ferrugineum (27 % in 1992, 16 % in 1994). Study of centipedes community does not indicate any changes during the period 1991-1994.

#### Monitoring area: Cicov - Stary les

The taxocoenosis of centipedes was studied in this monitoring area in 1993 and 1994, and we have recorded 10 species (Table 11), of which Lithobius agilis and Clinopodes linearis were recorded only in 1994. The following species were eudominant: Lithobius erythrocephalus (12 % in 1993), L. forficatus (34 %, 41 %), L. mutabilis (21 %, 12 %), L. crassipes (13 %, 10 %) and Pachymerium ferrugineum (13 % in 1994). This monitoring area maintained a high degree of originality, in spite of the nearness of the Hydroelectric power plant Gabcikovo. This monitoring area belongs to the most valuable residues of the floodplain forests (group of forest type Saliceto - Alnetum), which have been preserved in the Danubian floodplain. It is confirmed also by the observed community of centipedes, which certainly will be widen by until now not observed species.

#### DISCUSSION

The construction and operation of the Hydroelectric power structures Gabcikovo had the greatest impact on monitoring areas of the second group (Dobrohost - Dunajske kriviny, Bodiky - Bodicka brana, Bodiky - Kralovska luka, Gabcikovo - Istragov) between the by-pass canal and the original Danube river-bed.

After 1992 on localities Dobrohost - Dunajske kriviny, Bodiky - Bodicka brana, Bodiky - Kralovska luka, Gabcikovo - Istragov there was already not observed the hygrophilous species Lithobius agilis, which is a sensitive indicator of a high degree of soil humidity. Its absence, or lowering of its abundance can indicate a desiccation process. Except of this species we did not find some other species (Lithobius tricuspis and Lithobius cyrtopus) in these areas in 1993 and 1994 too.

The rare species Clinopodes linearis belongs to the species, which were recorded after 1992 in the monitoring areas Istragov in 1993 and 1994. Except of the monitoring area Istragov this species was also found in the monitoring areas of the first and third group (Ostrovne lucky, Cicov).

According the results obtained up to now, it can be deduced that the greatest changes occur in the monitoring area Dobrohost. In this locality species Lithobius calcaratus, which prefers drier habitats, as the majority of other species of centipedes, was registered for the first time (in 1994).

The changes were not only manifested in the species spectrum, but also in the quantitative representation of the eurytopic species Lithobius forficatus and Lithobius mutabilis. The value of dominance of the species Lithobius forficatus increased in the monitoring areas of the second group, after 1992 in the average by 20 % (20 % in 1991-1992, 40 % in 1993-1994) in comparison to 1991-1992. The dominance of the species Lithobius mutabilis increased in the monitoring areas Dobrohost, Bodicka brana, Kralovska luka in average by 12 % (7 % in 1991-1992, 19 % in 1993-1994); the dominance of this species decreased only in the monitoring area Istragov (32 % in 1992, 10 % in 1994). The quantitative increase of eurytopic species is a reaction to a gradual ruderalisation of this territory.

The low number of the ripicolous species Lamyctes fulvicornis is surprising, that was observed in the monitoring area Kralovska luka and in the monitoring areas of the third group in Cicov. The species Lamyctes fulvicornis belongs to species with a high dominance in the neighbouring Hungary [1] as well as at the shore of the Morava river in Austria [13], in localities with a similar character, than it is in the Danube lowland. It is possible, that the low abundance of this species depends on the higher degree of devastation of monitoring stands.

Monitoring areas Ostrov Kopac and Ostrovne lucky are characteristic by the presence of xerothermophilous areas of a forest-steppe character. This is also confirmed by the discoveries of thermophilous species of the Mediterranean origin Henia illyrica. The species Cryptops parisi was also observed in these monitoring areas, including the Rusovecke ostrovy islands, which confirms, that these localities are drier than the other localities. Monitoring areas on Rusovecke ostrovy are the only localities, where species Brachygeophilus truncorum was collected during the monitoring.

The five-year study of this territory showed, that in spite of various changes, which have occurred here, the community of centipedes of the Danubian floodplain forest, represented by the species: Lithobius curtipes, L. crassipes, L. aeruginosus, Pachymerium ferrugineum, remains preserved. The species Lithobius agilis and Lamyctes fulvicornis, which reacted sensitively to environmental changes by an expressive decrease of the abundance, belong also to this community. Except of the above-mentioned species the eurytopic, highly adaptable species Lithobius forficatus, L. erythrocephalus and L. mutabilis, the abundance of which increased, belong to this community.

#### ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to Doc. RNDr. Oto Majzlan, CSc. for the valuable material of centipedes, that he gave us for processing.

#### REFERENCES

  [1] Balogh, J., 1953: Grundzüge der Zoozönologie. Akademiai Kiadó, Budapest, p. 143-248.

  [2] Brolemann, H. W., 1932: Chilopodes. Faune de France, 25. Ed. P. Lechevalier, Paris, 405 pp.

  [3] Carnogursky, J., Krumpalova, Z., Kaluz, S., Wirthova, M., 1994: Soil Anthropods of Forest and Adjacent Agrocoenoses in Certain Localities of the Danube Region in Southwestern Slovakia. Biologia (Bratislava), 49, p. 173-183.

  [4] Eason, E. H., 1964: Centipedes of the British Isles. F. Warne and Comp., London-New York, 294 pp.

  [5] Folkmanova, B. 1959: Centipedes-Chilopoda. In: Klic zviřeny CSR 3, CSAV, Praha, p. 49-66 (in Czech).

  [6] Gulicka, J., 1957: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Soil Fauna at the Cierny les (Island), (Myriapoda, Isopoda, Opiliones). Acta F.R.N.- Univ. Comenianae, Zoologia, 3, p. 119-139 (in Slovak).

  [7] Kaczmarek, J., 1979: Centipedes (Chilopoda) of Poland. Uniw. A. Miczkiewicza, Poznan, 100 pp. (in Polish).

  [8] Minelli, A., 1978: Zur Taxonomie und Chorologie der Chilopoden Italiens: Entwurf einer Monographie. Abh. Verh. naturwiss., Ver. Hamburg, 21/22, p. 149-159.

  [9] Orszagh, I., Orszaghova, Z., 1994: Centipedes (Chilopoda, Tracheata) of Monitoring Area at Dobrohost (Dunajske kriviny). Proc. of conference: Results and experience from monitoring of biota in the territory influenced by the Gabcikovo project. Bratislava, 1 p. (in Slovak).

  [10] Schwerdtfeger, F., 1975: Ökologie der Tiere. Synökologie. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin, 451 pp.

  [11] Würmli, M., 1972: Chilopoda. In: Catalogus Faunae Austriae XIa, Springer-Verlag, Wien, p. 1-16.

  [12] Zalesskaja, N. T., 1978: Key for the Identification of Chilopoda - Lithiobiomorpa of the Soviet Union. Izd. Nauka, Moskva, 212 pp. (in Russian).

  [13] Zulka, K. P., 1989: Einfluss der Hochwasser auf die epigaische Arthropodenfauna im Überschwemmungsbereich der March (Niederöstereich). In: Entomol.-Tagung, UNI-ULM, Kurzfassungen, p. 203.

TAB.1

### Fam. Lithobiidae
Subfam. Lithobiinae
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847
Lithobius (Lithobius) calcuratus C.L.Koch, 1844
Líthobius (Lithobius) cyrtopus Latzel, 1880
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758)
Lithobius (Lithobius) lucifugus L.Koch, 1862
Lithobíus (Lithobius) melarnops Newport, 1845
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862
Lithobius (Lithobius) muticus C.L.Koch, 1847
Lithobicts (Lithobius) piceus L.Koch, 1862
Lithobius (Lithobius) tricuspis Meinert, 1872
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) austriacus Verhoeíi: 1937
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) biunguiculatus Loksa. 1947
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) microps Melnert, 1868
Subfam. Henicopinae
Lamyctes fulvicornis Melnert. 1868
### Fam. Geophilinae
Subfam. Geophilinae
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814)
Clinopodes flavidus C.L.Koch. 1847
Clinopodes linearis [C.L.Koch. 1835)
Brachygeophilus truncorum Bergsoe et Meinert. 1866
Subfam. Pachymerlinae
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835)
Pachymericum tristanicum Attems, 1928
Subfam. Dignathodontinae
Henia illyrica (Meinert. 1870)
Strigarnia acumiinata (Leach, 1814)
### Fam. Schendylidae
Schendyla nemorensis (C.L. Koch. 1837)
### Fam. Cryptopidae
Cryptops parisi Brolemann. 1920

Tab. 2

Monitoring area: Podunajske Biskupice-Ostrov Kopac
| 1991 | 1993 | 1994
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + |  | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus (Linne, 1758) | + |  | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 |  | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + |
Clinopodes flavidus C.L.Koch. 1847 |  | + | +
Clinopodes linearis (C.L.Koch. 1835) | + | + | +
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) |  | + | +
Henia illyrica (Meinert. 1870) |  | + | +
Strigarnia acumiinata (Leach, 1814) | + | + | +
Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 | + |  |

Tab.3

Monitoring area: Rusovce-Horny rusovecky ostrov
| 1990
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847 | +
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | +
Lithobíus (Lithobius) melarnops Newport, 1845 | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | +
Lithobicts (Lithobius) piceus L.Koch, 1862 | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | +
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814) | +
Clinopodes flavidus C.L.Koch. 1847 | +
Brachygeophilus truncorum Bergsoe et Meinert. 1866 | +
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | +
Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 | +

Tab. 4

Monitoring area: Rusovce-Dolny rusovecky ostrov
| 1990
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847 | +
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | +
Lithobíus (Lithobius) melarnops Newport, 1845 | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | +
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814) | +
Clinopodes flavidus C.L.Koch. 1847 | +
Brachygeophilus truncorum Bergsoe et Meinert. 1866 | +
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | +
Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 | +

Tab. 5

Monitoring area: Cunovo-Ostrovne lucky
| 1990 | 1993 | 1994
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + |  | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | +
Clinopodes flavidus C.L.Koch. 1847 |  | + | +
Clinopodes linearis [C.L.Koch. 1835) | + | + | +
Henia illyrica (Meinert. 1870) | + | + | +
Strigarnia acumiinata (Leach, 1814) | + |  | +
Schendyla nemorensis (C.L. Koch. 1837) |  |  | +
Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 | + | + | +

Tab. 6

Monitoring area: Dobrohost-Dunajske kriviny
| 1990 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994
Lithobius (Lithobius) calcuratus C.L.Koch, 1844 |  |  |  | +
Líthobius (Lithobius) cyrtopus Latzel, 1880 |  | + |  |
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) lucifugus L.Koch, 1862 |  | + |  |
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) muticus C.L.Koch, 1847 |  |  | + |
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) austriacus Verhoeíi: 1937 |  |  |  | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) microps Melnert, 1868 | + |  |  |
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814) | + | + |  |
Clinopodes flavidus C.L.Koch. 1847 |  | + |  |
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | + | + | + | +
Pachymericum tristanicum Attems, 1928 |  | + |  | +

Tab. 7

Monitoring area: Bodiky-Bodicka brana
| 1990 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847 |  | + |  |
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) muticus C.L.Koch, 1847 |  | + |  |
Lithobicts (Lithobius) piceus L.Koch, 1862 | + |  |  |
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 |  | + | + | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | + |  | + |
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) microps Melnert, 1868 | + |  |  |
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814) | + |  | + | +
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | + | + |  | +
Strigamia acuminata (Leach, 1814) | + | + |  |

Tab. 8

Monitoring area: Bodiky-Kralovska luka
| 1990 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847 | + |  |  |
Líthobius (Lithobius) cyrtopus Latzel, 1880 |  | + |  |
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) muticus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + |  | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) tricuspis Meinert, 1872 | + | + |  |
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 |  |  | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 |  | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) microps Melnert, 1868 | + | + |  |
Lamyctes fulvicornis Melnert. 1868 | + | + | + | +
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814) |  | + |  |
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) |  | + |  |
Strigarnia acumiinata (Leach, 1814) | + |  |  |

Tab. 9

Monitoring area: Gabcikovo-Istragov
| 1990 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + |  |
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 |  | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 |  | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) biunguiculatus Loksa. 1947 |  | + |  |
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | + |  | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Clinopodes linearis [C.L.Koch. 1835) |  |  | + | +
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | + | + | + | +

Tab. 10

Monitoring area: Klucovec-Sporna sihot
| 1990 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + |  | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) muticus C.L.Koch, 1847 |  |  |  | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 |  | + |  | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | + | + | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | + | + | +
Necrophloeophagus longicornis (Leach, 1814) | + | + |  |
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | + | + | + | +

Tab. 11

Monitoring area: Cicov-Stary les
| 1993 | 1994
Lithobius (Lithobius) agilis C.L.Koch, 1847 |  | +
Líthobius (Lithobius) erythrocephalus C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) forficatus [Linne, 1758) | + | +
Lithobius (Lithobius) mutabilis L.Koch, 1862 | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) aeruginosus L.Koch, 1862 | + | +
Lithobíus (Monotarsobius) crassipes L.Koch, 1862 | + | +
Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847 | + | +
Lamyctes fulvicornis Melnert. 1868 | + | +
Clinopodes linearis [C.L.Koch. 1835) |  | +
Pachymerium ferrugineum (G. L. Koch, 1835) | + | +

Fig. 1 View at centipedes (Chilopoda) collection site at the monitoring area Dobrohost (June 1991)

Fig. 2 View at centipedes (Chilopoda) collection site at the monitoring area Dobrohost (July 1994),

Fig. 3 Monitoring site Bodicka brana (June 1991)

Fig. 4 Monitoring site Kralovska luka, river side zone, where the centipedes(Chilopoda) collection pitfall traps have been set up (Jun 1993)

Fig. 5 Monitoring site Kralovska luka, a forest behind the old river branch, site where the sifting has been performed (September 1994)

Fig. 6 Monitoring site Istragov, The Poplar monoculture (June 1991)

Fig. 7 Monitoring site Cicov - Stary les, pitfall traps and litter sifting site (June 1993)

Fig. 8 Gabcikovo, inundated building at the Danube bank (July 1991)